Cutting down a tree might seem like a simple decision for a homeowner, but in the UK, there are strict laws in place that protect certain trees from removal, pruning or damage. Whether you’re planning landscaping changes or concerned about safety, it’s essential to know which trees are protected and when you need permission to carry out any work.
If you’re based in Surrey, including areas like Reigate and Dorking, and are unsure whether you can remove a particular tree, this guide will help you understand your legal obligations—and how a professional tree surgeon can help.
Tree Preservation Orders (TPOs): The Key Legal Protection
What is a Tree Preservation Order?
A Tree Preservation Order (TPO) is a legal protection applied by a local planning authority (LPA), such as Reigate & Banstead Borough Council or Mole Valley District Council. A TPO makes it an offence to:
- Cut down
- Uproot
- Top
- Lop
- Wilfully damage
- Wilfully destroy
…a protected tree without prior consent.
How do I know if a tree has a TPO?
You can check with your local council’s planning department. Most councils in Surrey, including Reigate and Dorking, have online TPO maps or search tools. Alternatively, a qualified tree surgeon can conduct checks on your behalf and even apply for permission if needed.
Are Trees in Conservation Areas Protected?
Yes. Even if a tree doesn’t have a TPO, it might still be protected if it is within a Conservation Area. These areas are designated for their special architectural or historic interest. In such cases:
- You must notify the council at least 6 weeks before any work.
- The tree must be over 75mm in diameter, measured at 1.5m above ground level.
- The council can impose a TPO within that 6-week period if it deems the tree significant.
Which Tree Species Are Protected?
Contrary to common belief, TPOs and tree protections are not species-specific. Any tree of any species could be protected by a TPO or Conservation Area regulations, depending on:
- Its size and age
- Its amenity value (e.g. visibility from a public place)
- Its contribution to the local environment or biodiversity
Common species that often attract TPOs include:
- Oak
- Beech
- Horse Chestnut
- Maple
- Scots Pine
- Yew
But even a small ornamental tree in a prominent location can be protected. That’s why it’s crucial not to make assumptions based on tree type alone.
Can I Cut Down a Tree on My Own Property?
You can only cut down a tree on your property if:
- It is not subject to a TPO
- It is not in a Conservation Area
- It is not part of a newly planted woodland under a Forestry Commission grant scheme
- It does not exceed the felling licence threshold (more than 5 cubic metres of timber in a calendar quarter)
If you’re ever in doubt, always consult a professional tree surgeon who is experienced in Surrey’s planning regulations. They can identify protected trees, liaise with local authorities, and carry out work legally and safely.
What Are the Penalties for Cutting Down a Protected Tree?
Felling or damaging a protected tree without permission is a criminal offence. Penalties can include:
- Unlimited fines
- A requirement to replace the tree
- Prosecution by your local authority
For example, in 2023, homeowners in the UK were fined over £20,000 for illegally removing protected trees. Ignorance of a tree’s protected status is not a valid defence, which is why it pays to get advice from a professional.
How a Tree Surgeon Can Help
If you’re unsure whether a tree in your garden can be removed or pruned, here’s how a professional tree surgeon—such as the team at South East Tree Surgeons—can help:
- TPO Checks: We’ll contact your local authority and check online databases.
- Planning Support: We can handle the application process for consent if required.
- Conservation Area Advice: We’ll tell you what can and cannot be done.
- Safe Work: All work is completed by qualified arborists, with full insurance and risk assessments.
- Council-Approved Reports: If your tree is diseased, dangerous or dead, we can submit supporting documentation to justify urgent work.
We regularly assist homeowners in Reigate, Dorking, and across Surrey with protected tree issues, storm damage, and general tree maintenance.
Summary: Know Before You Cut
To answer the question clearly:
“What trees can you not cut down in the UK?”
You cannot cut down any tree that is:
- Protected by a Tree Preservation Order
- Located in a Conservation Area (without council approval)
- Covered by certain Forestry Commission restrictions
These protections apply regardless of species, and penalties can be severe.
Need Help in Surrey, Reigate or Dorking?
If you’re unsure about the status of a tree on your property—or want professional advice before starting work—South East Tree Surgeons is here to help. We offer:
- Free site surveys
- Planning permission support
- Expert TPO and conservation guidance
- Fully insured, qualified tree care services across Surrey
📞 Contact us today to speak to a friendly local expert.
FAQ’s
What is a Tree Preservation Order (TPO)?
A Tree Preservation Order (TPO) is a legal measure applied by local councils in the UK to protect specific trees or woodlands. It prevents unauthorised cutting, pruning, or felling without permission.
How do I know if a tree in my garden has a TPO?
You can check with your local council’s planning department or consult a professional tree surgeon who can identify protected trees and contact the relevant authority on your behalf.
Can I cut down a tree in a Conservation Area?
Only with prior notice to the local planning authority. Trees in Conservation Areas are protected, even without a TPO. You must provide six weeks’ notice before carrying out any work.
Are certain tree species protected in the UK?
Tree protections are not based on species. Any tree can be protected if it has amenity value or is within a Conservation Area or under a TPO. Commonly protected species include oak, beech, and yew.
Do I need permission to cut down a tree on my property?
Yes, if the tree has a TPO, is in a Conservation Area, or falls under other restrictions. Always check before cutting down a tree, even on your own land.
What are the penalties for cutting down a protected tree?
Illegal felling can result in unlimited fines and legal action. You may also be required to replace the tree. Penalties are enforced by local councils.
Who enforces TPOs in Surrey?
Tree Preservation Orders are enforced by local councils such as Reigate & Banstead Borough Council, Mole Valley District Council, and other Surrey authorities.
Can a tree surgeon help with TPOs and planning permission?
Yes. A qualified tree surgeon can check TPO status, contact the council, and handle the permission process. They ensure all work complies with the law.
Are all trees in Reigate or Dorking protected?
Not all trees are protected, but many in Conservation Areas or those with high visibility or age may be. Always check with the local authority before making changes.
What trees can I always cut down without permission?
If a tree is not covered by a TPO, not in a Conservation Area, and doesn’t breach forestry regulations (e.g. felling over 5 cubic metres), you may be able to cut it down. However, a tree surgeon should assess it first.